Thick lead target exposed to 660 MeV protons: benchmark model on radioactive nuclides production and heat generation, and beyond

Abstract
The benchmark is proposed on the basis of the first axial residue production distributions measurements in the thick Pb target irradiated with 660 MeV protons. Heating calculation during irradiation and decay heat assessment is foreseen as well. First benchmarking results with MCNPX2.5.0 and FLUKA2006.3 of residue production are presented. These new data from thick targets allow a consistent check of physics models with the predictions coming from microscopic residue cross sections (in thin lead target) over a wide energy range and the use of particle spectra simulations. Results obtained for thin targets data are consistent with this experiment and a combination of both sets of data could more constrain the INC models especially on the excitation energy of the nucleus before deexcitation. The main difficulties, data accuracy and contribution of emitted particles to residue production, are analysed and discussed in this work.